A unique strategy or technique a trader uses to create an advantage; A personalized strategy often based on some entry or risk management criteria. Edge, specifically, is the difference between a trader and the herd.
For you to win, someone else must lose. Widely adopted strategies are the most predictable and, thus, the easiest to exploit.
Predators have an edge. Prey do not.
The process of finding a trading edge is different for everyone. It is a product of your experience, risk tolerance, and knowledge. Generally speaking, the best way to find an edge is to first back-test a widely used strategy. Using this back-testing data, you can identify common pitfalls, missed opportunities, and other ways to improve. Adjust the strategy to address these findings. Rinse and repeat until you develop a strategy that fits your style and allows you to win consistently.
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